Bringing them Home - Full Contents Page

Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission Report Bringing them Home Report of the National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children from Their Families April 1997 preliminary page / next page

Full Contents Page

• Preliminary Pages
  • Dedication
  • Full Contents Page
  • Copyright Notice
  • Terms of Reference
• Part 1 Introduction
  • Chapter 1 The Inquiry
  • The Inquiry
  • Scope of the Inquiry
    • Tracing the history
    • The effects
    • Post-school qualifications for adults 20 years and above
    • Employment status of adults 20 years and above
    • Personal income for adults 20 years and above
    • Self-assessed health status of those 20 years and above
    • Services and procedures available
    • Principles justifying compensation
    • Current placement and care
  • The Inquiry process
    • Testimony
    • Implementation of the recommendations
• Part 2 Tracing the History
  • Chapter 2 National Overview
    • National Overview
    • Colonisation
    • Protection and segregation of Indigenous people in the nineteenth century
    • Merging and absorption
    • Merging becomes assimilation
    • Removal of Indigenous children under child welfare legislation
    • Self-management and self-determination
    • Estimating the numbers removed
  • Chapter 3 New South Wales and the ACT
    • Early policies and practices
    • Segregation and merging
    • Assimilation 1937-1975
    • Towards self-management
  • Chapter 4 Victoria
    • Segregation 1835-1886
    • Merging and dispersing 1886-1957
    • Assimilation 1957-1970
    • Self-management
  • Chapter 5 Queensland
    • Colonial policies and practices
    • Segregation 1897-1965
    • Assimilation from 1956
    • Repeal of protectionist legislation
  • Chapter 6 Tasmania
    • Policies and practices
    • The colonial period
    • Assimilation
    • Self-management
  • Chapter 7 Western Australia
    • Initial contact
    • The 1905 Act
    • Assimilation
  • Chapter 8 South Australia
    • Early policies and practices
    • Protection 1908-1939
    • Assimilation 1936-1962
  • Chapter 9 Northern Territory
    • Occupation of the Territory
    • Protection and segregation 1890-1937
    • Assimilation 1937-1973
    • Self-management
• Part 3 Consequences of Removal
  • Chapter 10 Childrens Experiences
    • Childrens Experiences
    • Placement stability
    • Placement types, Inquiry witnesses
    • Totality of separation
    • Institutional conditions
    • Sexual abuse
    • Sexual assaults reported by Inquiry witnesses
    • Protection
    • Bonds of affection
    • Education
    • Work and wages
  • Chapter 11 The Effects
    • The effects of separation from the primary carer
      • Attachment
      • Age at removal
      • Skills and learning
    • The effects of institutionalisation
      • Institutional and other placements Inquiry witnesses
    • The effects of abuses and denigration
      • Sexual Abuse
      • Other trauma
      • After-effects of forcible removal
      • Racism
    • The effects of separation from the Indigenous community
      • Cultural knowledge
      • Indigenous identity
      • Native title
    • The effects on family and community
    • Inter-generational effects
      • Parenting
      • Behavioural problems
      • Violence
      • Unresolved grief and trauma
      • Depression and mental illness
  • Chapter 12 Reunion
    • Importance of reunions
    • Joyous reunions
    • Reunion impossible
    • Complicating factors
    • Bonds broken forever
    • Unwelcome news
    • Unsupported reunions
    • Community reunion
    • Impacts on foster and adoptive families
    • International removals
• Part 4 Reparation
  • Chapter 13 Grounds for Reparation
    • Evaluation of government actions
    • Two broad periods
  • Colonial legal standards
    • Deprivation of liberty
    • Administrative removal powers not subject to prior judicial scrutiny
    • Deprivation of parental rights
    • Abuses of power
    • Breach of guardianship duties
    • Statutory sources of guardianship and related fiduciary obligations
  • International human rights
    • Systematic racial discrimination
    • Genocide
    • Conclusion
  • Chapter 14 Making Reparation
    • Findings
    • The right to compensation
    • A human rights framework
    • The van Boven Principles
  • Acknowledgment and apology
    • Government statements
    • Church statements
  • Guarantees against repetition
  • Land, culture and language restitution
  • Monetary compensation
    • Civil claims for compensation
    • Ex-gratia payments
    • A national compensation fund
    • Procedural principles
    • Assessment of compensation
• Part 5 Services for Those Affected
  • Chapter 15 Evaluating Government Responses
    • Evaluation
    • The Inquirys evaluation criteria
    • Endnotes
  • Chapter 16 Access to Personal and Family Records
    • Existing services and procedures
    • Evaluation government objectives
    • Evaluation Inquiry criteria
    • Recommendations
  • Chapter 17 Funding for Reunion Assistance
    • Evaluation government objectives
    • Evaluation Inquiry criteria
    • Recommendations
    • International removal
  • Chapter 18 Mental Health Services
    • Existing services
    • Evaluation government objectives
    • Evaluation Inquiry criteria
    • Recommendations
  • Chapter 19 Responses of Churches and Other Non-Government Agencies
    • Sharing responsibility
    • Contemporary attitudes
    • General proposals
  • Access to personal and family records
    • Need for records
    • Practical access problems
    • Policy deficiencies
    • Current access procedures
    • Proposals
    • Recommendations
  • Counselling services
    • Need
    • Church counselling services
    • Evaluation
  • Restitution of land
    • Church responsibility
    • Church efforts
    • Proposals
    • Recommendation
• Part 6 Contemporary Separations
  • Chapter 20 Introduction
  • Chapter 21 Child Welfare Care and Protection
    • Overview
    • Over-representation of Indigenous children in care
    • Indigenous children in care in 1993
    • Abuse and neglect notifications, investigation, substantiation and orders,
      
      1995-96
    • Categories of substantiated abuse and neglect involving Indigenous childrenCategories of substantiated abuse and neglect involving all children
  • Australian welfare systems
    • Powers
    • Philosophy
    • Indigenous efforts to retain their children
    • Welfare efforts to include the needs of Indigenous clients
  • Aboriginal Child Placement Principle:
    
    State and Territory review
    • New South Wales
    • Non-Indigenous care for Indigenous children in care: NSW
    • South Australia
    • Notifications of SA Indigenous children
    • Northern Territory
    • Victoria
    • Western Australia
    • Queensland
    • Indigenous children on care and protection orders in Queensland
    • Tasmania
    • Indigenous State wards in Tasmania
    • ACT
    • Evaluation of the ACPP
  • Failure of the welfare approach
    • Definitions of welfare, well-being, need and neglect
    • Systemic inequalities
    • Bureaucratic procedures
    • Children with disabilities
    • Conclusions
    • Endnotes
  • Chapter 22 Adoption
    • Overview
    • Laws, practices and policies
    • Recognition in policy only
    • Statutory recognition of ACPP
    • Statutory recognition of ACPP and role of AICCAs
    • Numbers and effects
    • Adoptions of Indigenous children between 1 July 1990 and 30 June 1995
    • Evaluation
    • Conclusion
  • Chapter 23 Family Law
    • Family Law Act 1975
    • The guidelines
    • Long-term welfare of Indigenous children
    • Kinship obligations
    • Western Australia
  • Chapter 24 Juvenile Justice
  • The processes of juvenile justice separations
    • Police custody
    • National Police Custody Survey, August 1995
    • Young people in police custody in each State and Territory, August 1995
    • Juvenile detention centres
    • Young people in juvenile corrective institutions, 30 June 1996
    • Level of over-representation for Indigenous youth, 30 June 1996
    • Comparing males and females in juvenile corrective institutions, 30 June 1996
    • Changing populations in juvenile corrective institutions
  • Juvenile justice legislation
  • Juvenile justice policy and program responses
    • New South Wales
    • South Australia
    • Victoria
    • Northern Territory
    • Tasmania
    • Western Australia
    • Queensland
    • ACT
    • Commonwealth
  • Causes of separation
    • Policing
    • Diversionary schemes
    • Sentencing
    • Detention centres
    • Juvenile deaths in custody
  • Conclusions
    • Endnotes
  • Chapter 25 Underlying Issues
    • Demography
    • Family and cultural relations
    • Domestic violence
    • Alcohol and substance abuse
    • Health
    • Housing
    • Employment and income
    • Education
    • Inter-generational effects and later removal
    • Discussion and recommendation
    • Endnotes
  • Chapter 26 A New Framework
  • Self-determination
    • The right to self-determination
    • Implementing self-determination in Australia
    • Implementing self-determination in other countries
    • Recommendations
  • National minimum standards
    • Endnotes
• Appendices
  • Appendix 1.1 New South Wales
  • Appendix 1.2 Australian Capital Territory
  • Appendix 2 Victoria
  • Appendix 3 Queensland
  • Appendix 4 Tasmania
  • Appendix 5 Western Australia
  • Appendix 6 South Australia
  • Appendix 7 Northern Territory
  • Appendix 8 The van Boven Principles
  • Appendix 9 Recommendations
  • Appendix 10 Schedule of Hearings
  • Appendix 11 Evidence and Submissions
    • Australia
    • ACT
    • International
    • New South Wales
    • Northern Territory
    • Queensland
    • South Australia
    • Tasmania
    • Victoria
    • Western Australia
  • Appendix 12 Acknowledgments
  • Bibliography